The Campaign on New Britain

by
Lt. Col. Frank O. Hough, USMCR
Major John A. Crown, USMCR

Historical Branch, Headquarters, U.S. Marine Corps
1952



COVER PICTURE: Marines plunge through surf three feet deep as they storm Cape Gloucester beaches on D-Day.


Contents

Chapter Page
1. Background 1
    Geographical Notes 1
  Historical Summary 2
  Japanese Offensive Operations 3
  Target: Rabaul 5
  The Japanese on New Britain 5
2. Concept and High Level Planning 11
  The Southwest Pacific Area 11
  Strategic Considerations 12
  Tactical Planning 15
3. Final Preparations 21
  Training and Reequipment 21
  Intelligence Planning 23
  Naval and Air Participation 29
  Logistics 32
  Loading Out 35
4. The Enemy 36
  Strength and Organization 36
  Terrain and Dispositions 37
  Morale and Physical Condition 44
5. Cape Gloucester D-Day 48
  Thunder at Dawn 48
  The "Damp Flat" 51
  The Gunners Had Their Problems 58
  Never a Dull Moment 60
  The Monsoon 62
  The Misconceptions of Matsuda 63
  Summing Up 66
6. Seizure of the Airdrome 67
  Advance of the 1st Marines 67
  Supply and Perimeter Problems 70
  Enter the 5th Marines 73
  The First Gets There First 76
  Behind the Airdrome 77
  GREEN Beach 81
  "Happy New Year" 87
7. Drive to the Southeast 89
  The ADC Command Group 89
  Colonel Katayama Guesses Wrong 91
  Suicide Creek 95
  Aogiri Ridge 98
  The Final Objective 105
8. Flight and Pursuit 113
  The Vanishing Enemy 113
  Operations in the High Ground 114
  Eastern Area Patrols 119
  The Katabasis of Jiro Sato 127
  The Itni Patrol 131
  Rooke Island 137
9. Flashback: Action At Arawe 140
  Concept of Mission 140
  Arawe Z-Day 141
  The First Twelve Days 143
  Enter Tobuse and Komori 145
  Komori Makes a Noble Resolve 148
  Disillusionment of a "Hero" 149
10. Talasea 152
  Eastward to Talasea 152
  D-Day at Beach RED 155
  Bitokara, Talasea and Waru 159
  The Navy at Willaumez 164
  The Fifth Mops Up 166
11. Long Trail A'Winding 172
  Sato, Komori & Company 172
  Contact at Kandoka 176
  Further Patrolling by 1st Marines 179
  Journey's End 181
12. Conclusion 182
  The Marines Depart 182
  Summing Up 182
  Epilogue 186
Appendices
I. Bibliography 188
II. The Vegetation of New Britain and its Effect on Military Operations 191
III. Some Explanation in Regard to Place Names 196
IV. The Shore Party 198
V. The Cape Gloucester Air Force 202
VI. Chronology 206
VII. Task Organization 208
VIII. Command and Staff 210
IX. Index 215

 



Transcribed and formatted for HTML by Jerry Holden for the HyperWar Foundation